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C語言實現(xiàn)簡單學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng)

來源：本站原創(chuàng)|時間：2020-01-10|欄目：C語言|點擊： 次

花了一個月的時間，學(xué)習(xí)了鏈表，文件，多文件編程，然后就開始寫學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng)，比較簡單的那種，實現(xiàn)了增，添，改，查，多種排序，輸入的時候的限定，成績分析的功能。遇到的問題很多，也嘗試解決了，下面寫點寫學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng)的要注意的地方，希望對別人有幫助。

1.一定要先寫好主函數(shù)的框架，然后再往上面加?xùn)|西，這樣說有點籠統(tǒng)，我把我的主函數(shù)在下面，可以借鑒下哈。我的主函數(shù)是一個while(1)的無限循環(huán)，里面一個switch選擇，利用一個菜單函數(shù)，讓其返回值當(dāng)成switch選擇的值，然后進入不同的功能主函數(shù)，其他功能主函數(shù)和主函數(shù)的套路一樣。

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  login(); //這是個的介紹自己的函數(shù)
   Sleep(1000);
   //睡眠函數(shù)
  while(1)
  {
   switch(menu())
 //主菜單選擇函數(shù)
   {
    case 1:
     system("CLS");
 //清屏函數(shù)
     printf("\t\t________學(xué)生成績添加_______");
     head=luru();
     cr(head);
     int choice;
     scanf("%d",&choice);
     if(choice==0)
      break;
    case 2:
     system("CLS");
     //printf("\t\t_________學(xué)生成績排序和刪除___\d");
     paxu();
     int end;
     scanf("%d",&end);
     if(end==0)
      break;
    case 3:
     system("CLS");
     printf("\t\t__________成績的修改__________");
     xg();
     int a;
     scanf("%d",&a);
     if(a==0)
      break;
    case 4:
     system("CLS");
     printf("\t\t___________學(xué)生信息分析_______");
     fx();
     int b; 
     scanf("%d",&b);
     if(b==0)
      break;
    case 5:
     system("CLS");
     printf("\t\t___________謝謝使用哈_______\n");
     Sleep(1000);
     exit(-1); 
     break; 
   }
   system("PAUSE");
  }
 return 0;
}

2.輸入模塊一定要注意輸入的格式，我采用的尾插法，每次處理好一個節(jié)點后就讓用戶判定是否繼續(xù)輸入，在格式控制方面，我當(dāng)用戶輸入一次，就判定它是否符號規(guī)范，如果不規(guī)范，就重新輸入。最后存入文件中。

3.一定要把函數(shù)寫的利用率高一點，這樣就可以減少代碼的重復(fù)書寫，這個全憑自己的寫代碼的風(fēng)格了，我自己在這點也沒有做太好，反省中，以前剛開始學(xué)c的時候有人說c語言的主體是函數(shù)，不太懂，等寫完這個，感覺說的真的很對，c語言的函數(shù)寫好后，在該用的時候直接引用，很方便。

完整代碼

主函數(shù)

main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "student.h"
 #include <string.h>
/* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  login();
  //struct student *head;
  Sleep(1000);
  while(1)
  {
   switch(menu())
   {
    case 1:
     system("CLS");
     printf("\t\t________學(xué)生成績添加_______");
     head=luru();
     cr(head);
     int choice;
     scanf("%d",&choice);
     if(choice==0)
      break;
    case 2:
     system("CLS");
     //printf("\t\t_________學(xué)生成績排序和刪除___\d");
     paxu();
     int end;
     scanf("%d",&end);
     if(end==0)
      break;
    case 3:
     system("CLS");
     printf("\t\t__________成績的修改__________");
     xg();
     int a;
     scanf("%d",&a);
     if(a==0)
      break;
    case 4:
     system("CLS");
     printf("\t\t___________學(xué)生信息分析_______");
     fx();
     int b; 
     scanf("%d",&b);
     if(b==0)
      break;
    case 5:
     system("CLS");
     printf("\t\t___________謝謝使用哈_______\n");
     Sleep(1000);
     exit(-1); 
     break; 
   }
   system("PAUSE");
  }
 return 0;
}

函數(shù)聲明

student.h

#include <stdio.h>
struct student *temp;
struct student *head;
struct student{
 int num;
 char name[6];
 int yw;
 int sx;
 int yy;
 struct student*next;
};
int menu();
void login();
struct student* luru();
void cr(struct student *h);
struct student*cc();
int menu1();
void paxu();
void px1();
void px2();
void px3();
void px4();
void sanch();
void tj();
void xg();
void fx();

函數(shù)定義

student.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "student.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int menu()
{
 char n; 
 do{
 system("cls");
 printf("\t\t\t|-------------------------------------------------|\n");
 printf("\t\t\t| *****學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng)*****   |\n");
 printf("\t\t\t|-------------------------------------------------|\n");
 printf("\t\t\t|  1.學(xué)生成績錄入    |\n");
 printf("\t\t\t|  2.學(xué)生成績排序和刪除   |\n");
 printf("\t\t\t|  3.成績的修改    |\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t|  4.學(xué)生成績分析    |\n");
 printf("\t\t\t|  5.退出程序    |\n"); 
 printf("\t\t\t---------------------------------------------------\n");
 printf("請選擇1-5：");
 n=getch(); 
 }while(n<'0'||n>'5');
 return(n-48);
}

void login()
{
 printf("\n\n\n\t\t\t 學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng)\n\n");
 printf("\t\t\t 版本號：0.2\n\n");
 printf("\n\n\n\n\t\t\t 2017年5月10日\n\n");
 printf("\n\n\t\t\t sakurakid\n");
} 
struct student *luru()
{

 struct student*rhead ,*r,*t,*stu;
 rhead=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
 t=rhead;
 rhead->next=NULL;
 char xx;
 int flag=1;
 printf("\t\t_____________________________\n");
 printf("\t\t| 學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng) |\n");
 printf("\t\t_____________________________\n");
 printf("\t\t|    |\n");
 printf("\t\t| 輸入1添加  |\n");
 printf("\t\t| 輸入0退出  |\n");
 printf("\t\t|___________________________|\n"); 
 while(xx!='1'&&xx!='0')
 {
 xx=getch();
 }
 if(xx=='1')
 {
 system("CLS");
 do{
  system("CLS");
  stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
  printf("\t\t_____________________________\n");
  printf("\t\t| 學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng) |\n");
  printf("\t\t|___________________________|\n");
  printf("\t\t|    |\n");
  printf("\t\t| 輸入1添加  |\n");
  printf("\t\t| 輸入0退出  |\n");
  printf("\t\t|___________________________|\n"); 
  printf("\t\t學(xué)號: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);
  if(stu->num > 99999999||stu->num < 10000000)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t_請輸入8位非負(fù)數(shù)__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新輸入學(xué)號: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);
  }
  printf("\t\t姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);
  if(stu->name[0] > 0)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t______姓名請輸入漢字__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新輸入姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);
  }
  printf("\t\t語文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);
  printf("\t\t數(shù)學(xué): ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);
  printf("\t\t英語: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);
  if(stu->sx<0||stu->sx>100||stu->yw<0||stu->yw>100||stu->yy<0||stu->yy>100)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t_成績請輸入0-100之間__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新輸入成績\n");
  printf("\t\t語文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);
  printf("\t\t數(shù)學(xué): ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);
  printf("\t\t英語: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);
  }
  t->next=stu;
  t=stu;
  xx = getch();
  printf("繼續(xù)輸入請按1，退出請按0："); 
  while(xx!='1'&&xx!='0')
  {
  xx=getch();
  }
 }while(xx=='1');
 t->next=NULL;
 }
 return (rhead);
}

void cr(struct student *h)
{
 struct student *stu;
 FILE*fp;
 if((fp=fopen("學(xué)生信息.txt","wt"))==NULL)
 {
 printf("文件出錯233，按任意鍵退出！");
 getch();
 exit(1); 
 }
 for(stu=h->next;stu!=NULL;stu=stu->next)
 {
 fprintf(fp,"%d %s %d %d %d\n",stu->num,stu->name,stu->yw,stu->sx,stu->yy);
 }
 fclose(fp);
}

struct student*cc()
{
 struct student*ahead,*r,*stu;
 FILE*f1;
 f1=fopen("學(xué)生信息.txt","rt");
 ahead=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
 ahead->next=NULL;
 r=ahead;
 while(!feof(f1))
 {
 stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
 fscanf(f1,"%d %s %d %d %d\n",&stu->num,stu->name,&stu->yw,&stu->sx,&stu->yy); 
 r->next=stu;
 r=stu;
 }
 r->next=NULL;
 fclose(f1);
 return ahead; 
}

int menu1()
{
 system("CLS");
 char n;
 do{
 system("CLS");
 printf("\t\t__________________________________________________\n");
 printf("\t\t|      |\n");
 printf("\t\t| 1.順序排序 2.按英語排序 3.按語文排序 |\n");
 printf("\t\t| 4.按數(shù)學(xué)排序 5.刪除學(xué)生 6.添加學(xué)生 |\n");
 printf("\t\t|      |\n");
 printf("\t\t|______________按0退出___________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t請選擇0-6：");
 n=getch(); 
 }while(n<'0'||n>'6');
 return (n-48); 
} 

void paxu()
{
 system("CLS");
 char n;
 do{
 switch(menu1())
 {
 case 1:
  px1();
  break;
 case 2:
  system("CLS");
  px2();
  break;
 case 3:
  system("CLS");
  px3();
  break;
 case 4:
  system("CLS");
  px4();
  break;
 case 5:
  system("CLS");
  sanch();
  break;
 case 6:
  system("CLS");
  tj();
  break;
 }
 printf("繼續(xù)輸入請按1，退出請按0：");
 n=getch();
 while(n!='1'&&n!='0')
  {
  n=getch();
  }
 }while(n=='1');
 if(n=='0')
 return;
}

void px1()
{
 struct student *t,*h; 
 h=cc();
 printf("\n");
 printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","學(xué)號","姓名","語文","數(shù)學(xué)","英語","平均分","總分");
 printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
 for(t=h->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
 {
 printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);
 } 
}
void px2()
{
 struct student *p,*q,*head,*t; 
 head=cc();
 int tnum;
 char tname[6];
 int tyw;
 int tsx;
 int tyy;
 for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){
 for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){
  if(p->yy < q->yy)
  {
  tnum=p->num;
  p->num=q->num;
  q->num=tnum;

  strcpy(tname,p->name);
  strcpy(p->name,q->name);
  strcpy(q->name,tname);

  tyw=p->yw;
  p->yw=q->yw;
  q->yw=tyw;

  tsx=p->sx;
  p->sx=q->sx;
  q->sx=tsx;

  tyy=p->yy;
  p->yy=q->yy;
  q->yy=tyy;


  }
 } 
 }
 printf("\t\t   英語排序     \n");
 printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","學(xué)號","姓名","語文","數(shù)學(xué)","英語","平均分","總分");
 printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
 for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
 {
 printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);
 } 
}
void px3()
{
 struct student *p,*q,*head,*t; 
 head=cc();
 int tnum;
 char tname[6];
 int tyw;
 int tsx;
 int tyy;
 for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){
 for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){
  if(p->yw < q->yw)
  {
  tnum=p->num;
  p->num=q->num;
  q->num=tnum;

  strcpy(tname,p->name);
  strcpy(p->name,q->name);
  strcpy(q->name,tname);

  tyw=p->yw;
  p->yw=q->yw;
  q->yw=tyw;

  tsx=p->sx;
  p->sx=q->sx;
  q->sx=tsx;

  tyy=p->yy;
  p->yy=q->yy;
  q->yy=tyy; 
  }
 } 
 }
 printf("\t\t   語文排序     \n");
 printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","學(xué)號","姓名","語文","數(shù)學(xué)","英語","平均分","總分");
 printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
 for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
 {
 printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);
 } 
}
void px4()
{
 struct student *p,*q,*head,*t; 
 head=cc();
 int tnum;
 char tname[6];
 int tyw;
 int tsx;
 int tyy;
 for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){
 for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){
  if(p->sx < q->sx)
  {
  tnum=p->num;
  p->num=q->num;
  q->num=tnum;

  strcpy(tname,p->name);
  strcpy(p->name,q->name);
  strcpy(q->name,tname);

  tyw=p->yw;
  p->yw=q->yw;
  q->yw=tyw;

  tsx=p->sx;
  p->sx=q->sx;
  q->sx=tsx;

  tyy=p->yy;
  p->yy=q->yy;
  q->yy=tyy;
  }
 } 
 }
 printf("\t\t   數(shù)學(xué)排序     \n");
 printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","學(xué)號","姓名","語文","數(shù)學(xué)","英語","平均分","總分");
 printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
 for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
 {
 printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);
 } 
}
void sanch()
{
 px1();
 struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m; 
 phead=cc();
 int n;
 int flag=0;
 printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");
 printf("\t\t|______________刪除學(xué)生信息_________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t請輸入要刪除的學(xué)生學(xué)號：");
 scanf("%d",&n);
 p=phead;
 for(m=phead;m!=NULL;m=m->next)
 {
 if(m->num==n)
 {
  printf("\t\t已經(jīng)查到改學(xué)生的信息\n");
  flag=0;
  break;
 }
 else
  flag=1; 
 }
 if(flag==1)
 printf("\t\t抱歉，沒有查到該學(xué)生的信息\n");
 if(flag==0)
 {
 if(phead->num==n)
 {
  phead=phead->next;
 }
 else
 {
 while(p->num!=n && p->next!=NULL)
 {
  t=p;
  p=p->next;
 }
 if(p->num==n)
 {
  t->next=p->next;
 }
 }
 printf("\t\t該學(xué)生信息已刪除\n");
 }
 cr(phead);
}
void tj()
{
 struct student *phead,*stu; 
 phead=cc();
 printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");
 printf("\t\t|______________添加學(xué)生信息_________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");
 stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));
 printf("\t\t學(xué)號: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);
  if(stu->num > 99999999||stu->num < 10000000)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t_請輸入8位非負(fù)數(shù)__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新輸入學(xué)號: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);
  }
  printf("\t\t姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);
  if(stu->name[0] > 0)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t______姓名請輸入漢字__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新輸入姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);
  }
  printf("\t\t語文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);
  printf("\t\t數(shù)學(xué): ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);
  printf("\t\t英語: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);
  if(stu->sx<0||stu->sx>100||stu->yw<0||stu->yw>100||stu->yy<0||stu->yy>100)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t_成績請輸入0-100之間__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新輸入成績\n");
  printf("\t\t語文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);
  printf("\t\t數(shù)學(xué): ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);
  printf("\t\t英語: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);
  } 
 stu->next=phead->next;
 phead->next=stu;
 printf("\t\t學(xué)生信息已存入\n");
 cr(phead);
}
void xg()
{
 system("CLS");
 char n;
 do{
 system("CLS");
 px1();
 struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m; 
 int flag=0;
 int timp; 
 phead=cc();
 printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");
 printf("\t\t|______________修改學(xué)生信息_________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t請輸入要修改的學(xué)生學(xué)號：");
 scanf("%d",&timp);
 p=phead;
 for(m=phead;m!=NULL;m=m->next)
 {
 if(m->num==timp)
 {
  printf("\t\t已經(jīng)查到改學(xué)生的信息\n");
  flag=0;
  break;
 }
 else
  flag=1; 
 }
 if(flag==1)
 printf("\t\t抱歉，沒有查到該學(xué)生的信息\n");
 if(flag==0)
 {
 printf("\t\t該學(xué)生的原信息如下\n");
 printf("\t\t學(xué)號：%d\n",m->num);
 printf("\t\t姓名：%s\n",m->name);
 printf("\t\t語文：%d\n",m->yw);
 printf("\t\t數(shù)學(xué)：%d\n",m->sx);
 printf("\t\t英語：%d\n\n",m->yy);
 printf("\t\t請重新輸入該學(xué)生的信息\n");
 printf("\t\t學(xué)號: ");scanf("%d",&m->num);
  if(m->num > 99999999||m->num < 10000000)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t_請輸入8位非負(fù)數(shù)__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新輸入學(xué)號: ");scanf("%d",&m->num);
  }
  printf("\t\t姓名: ");scanf("%s",m->name);
  if(m->name[0] > 0)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t______姓名請輸入漢字__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新輸入姓名: ");scanf("%s",m->name);
  }
  printf("\t\t語文: ");scanf("%d",&m->yw);
  printf("\t\t數(shù)學(xué): ");scanf("%d",&m->sx);
  printf("\t\t英語: ");scanf("%d",&m->yy);
  if(m->sx<0||m->sx>100||m->yw<0||m->yw>100||m->yy<0||m->yy>100)
  {
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t_成績請輸入0-100之間__\n");
  printf("\t\t______________________\n");
  printf("\t\t重新輸入成績\n");
  printf("\t\t語文: ");scanf("%d",&m->yw);
  printf("\t\t數(shù)學(xué): ");scanf("%d",&m->sx);
  printf("\t\t英語: ");scanf("%d",&m->yy);
  } 
  printf("\t\t該學(xué)生信息已修改\n");
  cr(phead);
 }
 printf("繼續(xù)修改請按1，退出請按0：");
 n=getch();
 while(n!='1'&&n!='0')
 {
 n=getch();
 } 
 }while(n=='1');
 if(n=='0')
 return;
} 
void fx()
{
 struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m; 
 int flag=0;
 int jyw=0;
 int jsx=0;
 int jyy=0;
 int timp;
 int n=0; 
 phead=cc();
 p=phead;
 for(t=p->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next)
 {
 n++;
 if(t->sx>=60)
  jsx++;
 if(t->yw>=60)
  jyw++;
 if(t->yy>=60)
  jyy++;
 } 
 printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");
 printf("\t\t|______________學(xué)生成績分析_________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");
 printf("\t\t一共錄入了%d個學(xué)生成績\n",n);
 printf("\t\t語文及格人數(shù)為%d\n",jyw);
 printf("\t\t數(shù)學(xué)及格人數(shù)為%d\n",jsx);
 printf("\t\t英語及格人數(shù)為%d\n",jyy); 
 printf("\t\t分析完畢\n");
 printf("退出請按0："); 
}

總結(jié)

以上就是我要說的了哈，忙了一個月，學(xué)的東西也都用上了，只要鏈表，文件會的話，寫個簡單的學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng)很簡單的，希望對大家有幫助，自己也要學(xué)新東西了，如果有問題的話，歡迎支持大家指出，其實還有很多功能自己沒寫，比如多端登陸，圖形界面等等，跟別人的差距蠻大的。

更多學(xué)習(xí)資料請關(guān)注專題《管理系統(tǒng)開發(fā)》。

以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容，希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持我們。

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