#include<iostream> 
#include<vector> 
#include<assert.h> 
using namespace std; 
 
template<class T> 
class SparseMatrix 
{ 
  //三元組 
  template<class T> 
  struct Trituple 
  { 
    Trituple()//給一個默認構(gòu)造函數(shù) 
    {} 
    Trituple(size_t row, size_t col, const T& data) 
      :_row(row) 
      ,_col(col) 
      ,_data(data) 
    {} 
    size_t _row; 
    size_t _col; 
    T _data; 
  }; 
public: 
  //稀疏矩陣的壓縮存儲 
  SparseMatrix() 
  {} 
  SparseMatrix(int* arr, size_t row, size_t col, const T& invalid) 
    :_row(row) 
    ,_col(col) 
    ,_invalid(invalid) 
  { 
    for(int i = 0; i < row; i++) 
    { 
      for(int j = 0; j < col; ++j) 
      { 
        if(arr[i*col+j] != invalid)//將有效值存儲在一個一維數(shù)組中 
        _sm.push_back(Trituple<T>(i,j,arr[i*col+j]));//將三元組的無名對象push進去 
      } 
    }   
  } 
  //訪問稀疏矩陣中row行col中的元素 
  T& Acess(int row, int col) 
  { 
    //1、 
    /*for(int idx = 0; idx < _sm.size(); idx++)//遍歷一遍 
    { 
      if(_sm[idx]._row == row && _sm[idx]._col == col)//當前行列與我們要訪問那個元素行列相同時返回這個有效值 
        return _sm[idx]._data; 
    } 
    return _invalid;*/ //否則返回無效值 
    //2、 
    vector<Trituple<T>>::iterator it = _sm.begin();//定義一個迭代器,指向起始位置 
    while(it != _sm.end())//未到最后一個元素時 
    { 
      if(it->_row == row && it->_col == col)//行列相等輸出值 
        return it->_data; 
      ++it;//迭代器向后移動 
    } 
    return _invalid; 
  } 
  //還原稀疏矩陣 
  template<typename T> 
  friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& _cout, SparseMatrix<T>& s)//重載<< 
  { 
    size_t idex = 0; 
    for(size_t i = 0; i < s._row; i++) 
    { 
      for(size_t j = 0; j < s._col; j++) 
      { 
        if(idex < s._sm.size()/*防止數(shù)組越界*/ && s._sm[idex]._row == i && s._sm[idex]._col == j) 
        { 
          _cout<<s._sm[idex]._data<<" "; 
          ++idex; 
        } 
        else 
          _cout<<s._invalid<<" "; 
         
      } 
      _cout<<endl; 
    } 
    return _cout; 
  } 
  //實現(xiàn)稀疏矩陣的逆置 時間復雜度O(M*N)(M為元素個數(shù)N為矩陣列數(shù)) 
  SparseMatrix<T> Transport() 
  { 
    SparseMatrix<T> sm; 
    sm._row = _col; 
    sm._col = _row; 
    sm._invalid = _invalid; 
    for(size_t i = 0; i < _col; i++) 
    { 
      vector<Trituple<T>>::iterator it = _sm.begin(); 
      while(it != _sm.end()) 
      { 
        if(it->_col == i)//從原矩陣第0列開始，將每列中的有效值依次放入新的稀疏矩陣 
          sm._sm.push_back(Trituple<T> (i, it->_row, it->_data)); 
        ++it; 
      } 
    } 
    return sm; 
  } 
  //實現(xiàn)稀疏矩陣的快速轉(zhuǎn)置 時間復雜度O(N)+O(M) 
  SparseMatrix<T> FastTransport() 
  { 
    SparseMatrix<T> sm; 
    sm._col = _row; 
    sm._row = _col; 
    sm._invalid = _invalid; 
    sm._sm.resize(_sm.size());//開辟空間 
    //1、統(tǒng)計原矩陣中每一列有多少個有效元素 
    int* pCount = new int[_col];//開辟原矩陣中列個數(shù)的空間 
    memset(pCount, 0, _col*sizeof(pCount[0])); 
    for(int i = 0; i < _sm.size(); i++) 
      pCount[_sm[i]._col]++; 
    //2、原矩陣每一列在新矩陣中的起始位值 
    int* pAddr = new int[_col]; 
    memset(pAddr, 0, _col*sizeof(pAddr[0])); 
    for(int i = 1/*從1開始，第一個位置起始為0已經(jīng)放入*/; i < _sm.size(); i++) 
    { 
      pAddr[i] = pAddr[i - 1] + pCount[i - 1];//前一個起始位值+前一列有效元素個數(shù) 
    } 
    //3、放置元素到新空間 
    for(int i = 0; i < _sm.size(); i++) 
    { 
      int& addr = pAddr[_sm[i]._col]; 
      sm._sm[addr] = Trituple<T>(_sm[i]._col,_sm[i]._row,_sm[i]._data); 
      addr++; 
    } 
    return sm; 
  } 
  //實現(xiàn)稀疏矩陣的加法操作1 
  /*SparseMatrix<T> operator+(const SparseMatrix<T>& sp) 
  { 
    int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0; 
    T v; 
    SparseMatrix<T> s; 
    if(this->_col != sp._col || this->_row != sp._row) 
      exit(1); 
    s._row = sp._row; 
    s._col = sp._col; 
    s._invalid = sp._invalid; 
    while(i < this->_sm.size() && j < sp._sm.size()) 
    { 
      if(this->_sm[i]._row == sp._sm[j]._row) 
      { 
        if(this->_sm[i]._col < sp._sm[j]._col) 
        { 
          s._sm.push_back(Trituple<T>(this->_sm[i]._row, this->_sm[i]._col, this->_sm[i]._data)); 
          i++; 
          k++; 
        } 
        else if(this->_sm[i]._col > sp._sm[j]._col) 
        { 
          s._sm.push_back(Trituple<T>(sp._sm[j]._row, sp._sm[j]._col, sp._sm[j]._data)); 
          j++; 
          k++; 
        } 
        else 
        { 
          v = this->_sm[i]._data + sp._sm[j]._data; 
          if(v) 
          { 
            s._sm.push_back(Trituple<T>(sp._sm[j]._row, sp._sm[j]._col, v)); 
            k++; 
          } 
          i++; 
          j++; 
        } 
      } 
      else if(this->_sm[i]._row < sp._sm[j]._row) 
      { 
        s._sm.push_back(Trituple<T>(this->_sm[i]._row, this->_sm[i]._col, this->_sm[i]._data)); 
        i++; 
        k++; 
      } 
      else 
      { 
        s._sm.push_back(Trituple<T>(sp._sm[j]._row, sp._sm[j]._col, sp._sm[j]._data)); 
        j++; 
        k++; 
      } 
    } 
    return s; 
  }*/ 
  //實現(xiàn)稀疏矩陣的加法操作2 
  SparseMatrix<T> operator+(const SparseMatrix<T>& sp) 
  { 
    assert(_row == sp._row && _col == sp._col);//檢測兩個相加的矩陣行列是否相等 
    SparseMatrix<T> ret; 
    ret._row = _row; 
    ret._col = _col; 
    ret._invalid = _invalid; 
    int iLidx = 0, iRidx = 0;//定義兩個索引 
     
    while(iLidx < _sm.size() && iRidx < sp._sm.size()) 
    { 
      size_t AddrLeft = _sm[iLidx]._row*_col+_sm[iLidx]._col;//左邊矩陣的起始位值 
      size_t AddrRight = sp._sm[iRidx]._row*sp._col+sp._sm[iRidx]._col;//右邊矩陣起始位值 
      if(AddrLeft < AddrRight)//左<右，將左邊有效值放入和矩陣中，左邊的索引加加 
      { 
        ret._sm.push_back(Trituple<T>(_sm[iLidx]._row, _sm[iLidx]._col, _sm[iLidx]._data)); 
        iLidx++; 
      } 
      else if(AddrLeft > AddrRight) 
      { 
        ret._sm.push_back(Trituple<T>(sp._sm[iRidx]._row, sp._sm[iRidx]._col, sp._sm[iRidx]._data)); 
        iRidx++; 
      } 
      else//當左邊等于右邊判斷相加后和是否為0，不為0放入 
      { 
        Trituple<T> temp(_sm[iLidx]); 
        temp._data += sp._sm[iRidx]._data; 
        if(temp._data) 
        { 
          ret._sm.push_back(temp); 
          iLidx++; 
          iRidx++; 
        } 
      } 
    } 
    while(iLidx < _sm.size())//左邊還有剩余則放入剩余元素 
    { 
      ret._sm.push_back(Trituple<T>(_sm[iLidx]._row, _sm[iLidx]._col, _sm[iLidx]._data)); 
      iLidx++; 
    } 
    while(iRidx < sp._sm.size()) 
    { 
      ret._sm.push_back(Trituple<T>(sp._sm[iRidx]._row, sp._sm[iRidx]._col, sp._sm[iRidx]._data)); 
      iRidx++; 
    } 
    return ret; 
  } 
private: 
  size_t _row; 
  size_t _col; 
  vector<Trituple<T>> _sm; 
  T _invalid;//無效值 
}; 
 
int main() 
{ 
  int arr[6][5] = { 
    {1,0,3,0,5}, 
    {0,0,0,0,0}, 
    {0,0,0,0,0}, 
    {1,0,3,0,5}, 
    {0,0,0,0,0}, 
    {0,0,0,0,0}}; 
  int arr1[6][5] = { 
    {1,0,3,0,5}, 
    {0,0,0,0,0}, 
    {0,0,2,4,0}, 
    {1,0,3,0,5}, 
    {0,0,0,1,0}, 
    {0,0,0,0,1}}; 
  SparseMatrix<int> s((int*)arr,6,5,0); 
  SparseMatrix<int> s1((int*)arr1,6,5,0); 
  cout<<"訪問三行四列元素"<<endl; 
  cout<<s.Acess(3,4)<<endl; 
  cout<<s<<endl; 
  cout<<"快速轉(zhuǎn)置"<<endl; 
  cout<<s.FastTransport(); 
  cout<<endl; 
  cout<<"矩陣s："<<endl; 
  cout<<s<<endl; 
  cout<<"矩陣s1："<<endl; 
  cout<<s1<<endl; 
  cout<<"s+s1求和："<<endl; 
  cout<<s1+s<<endl; 
  system("pause"); 
  return 0; 
}